The Role of Constitutional Law in Regulating Digital Governance: A Comparative Study of Iran, Estonia, and the European Union"

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Ghazali Institute of Higher Education, Qazvin, Iran.

Abstract

Digital governance, as one of the most critical challenges of the 21st century, requires coherent legal frameworks to regulate interactions among the state, citizens, and the private sector. Constitutional law, as the foundation for structuring power relations and safeguarding citizens’ rights, plays a pivotal role in this context. This research adopts a comparative approach to examine the role of constitutional law in shaping digital governance in Iran, Estonia, and the European Union. In Iran, the Constitution emphasizes national sovereignty and Islamic values, yet significant regulatory gaps in the digital sphere remain evident. Estonia, with its advanced digital legal system, focuses on transparency and the digital rights of its citizens. The European Union, through comprehensive regulations such as the GDPR, offers a model for data protection and privacy. Through document-based and comparative analysis, this study demonstrates that structural differences in the constitutional frameworks of these three systems have a direct impact on their approaches to digital governance. The findings suggest that Iran requires legal reforms to enhance oversight and protect digital rights, whereas Estonia and the EU provide successful models in this domain. The research proposes that Iran develop a legal framework aligned with its national values, drawing inspiration from these international experiences.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Comparative Public Administration
Volume 4, Issue 1
June 2026
Pages 43-58

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History

  • Receive Date: 13 October 2025
  • Revise Date: 16 November 2025
  • Accept Date: 21 November 2025

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